nodemcu-firmware/components/modules/httpd.c

#include "module.h"
#include "lauxlib.h"

#include "esp_http_server.h"

#include "task/task.h"

#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
#include <freertos/semphr.h>
#include <freertos/queue.h>

#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

/**
 * NodeMCU module for interfacing with the esp_http_server component.
 * Said HTTP server runs in its own thread (RTOS task) separate from the
 * LVM thread. As such, running dynamic route handlers in Lua requires a
 * certain amount of thread synchronisation in order to work safely.
 *
 * Effectively, when a dynamic handler is invoked, the functions
 * dynamic_handler_httpd() and dynamic_handler_lvm() will be running in
 * lockstep. The former kicks off the latter with task_post() of the
 * relevant HTTP request information, and then proceeds to servicing
 * requests from dynamic_handler_lvm().
 *
 * There are three things dynamic_handler_lvm() may request from
 * dynamic_handler_httpd():
 *
 *  - Header values. The esp_http_server component provides no method
 *    of enumerating the received headers, so this pull approach is
 *    necssary.
 *
 *  - Body data. In order to facilitate large document bodies the
 *    body is not read in up front, but is instead requested chunk
 *    by chunk from the dynamic handler. This allows for streaming
 *    in e.g. a full OTA image and writing it progressively.
 *
 *  - Sending the response. This includes status message, content type
 *    and any body data. The body data may either be submitted in a single
 *    go, or a function to "pull" the body data chunk by chunk may be
 *    given, in which case chunked encoding is used for the response body
 *    and the content length needs not be known in advance.
 *
 * @author Johny Mattsson (johny.mattsson+github@gmail.com)
 */

// More wieldly names for the Kconfig settings
#define MAX_RESPONSE_HEADERS  CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_MAX_RESPONSE_HEADERS
#define RECV_BODY_CHUNK_SIZE  CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_RECV_BODY_CHUNK_SIZE

#define REQUEST_METATABLE "httpd.req"

typedef struct {
  const char *key;
  const char *value;
} key_value_t;


typedef struct {
  const char *status_str; // e.g. "200 OK"
  key_value_t headers[MAX_RESPONSE_HEADERS];
  const char *content_type; // specially handled in esp_http_server
  size_t body_len;
  const char *body_data; // may be binary data, hence body_len above
} response_data_t;


// Request from the LVM thread back to the httpd thread *during* request
// processing in a dynamic handler.
typedef enum {
  GET_HEADER,
  READ_BODY_CHUNK,
  SEND_RESPONSE,
  SEND_PARTIAL_RESPONSE,
  SEND_ERROR,
  SEND_OK,
  FREE_WS_OBJECT,
} request_type_t;

typedef struct {
  size_t used;
  char data[RECV_BODY_CHUNK_SIZE];
} body_chunk_t;

typedef struct {
  request_type_t request_type;
  union {
    struct {
      const char *name; // owned by LVM thread
      char **value; // allocated in httpd thread, free()d in LVM thread
    } header;
    body_chunk_t **body_chunk; // allocated in httpd thread, free()d in LVM
    const response_data_t *response; // owned by LVM thread
  };
} thread_request_t;


typedef struct {
  const char *key; // dynamic handler lookup key
  const char *uri;
  const char *query_str;
  int method;
  size_t body_len;
  httpd_req_t *req;
#ifdef CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_WS
  httpd_ws_frame_t ws_pkt;
  int reference;
#endif
} request_data_t;


typedef struct {
  const request_data_t *req_info;
  uint32_t guard;
} req_udata_t;

#ifdef CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_WS
#define WS_METATABLE "httpd.ws"
#define HTTP_WEBSOCKET 1234
#define HTTP_WEBSOCKET_GET 1235

typedef struct {
  bool closed;
  httpd_handle_t handle;
  int fd;
  int self_ref;
  int text_fn_ref;
  int binary_fn_ref;
  int close_fn_ref;
} ws_connection_t;
#endif

typedef enum { INDEX_NONE, INDEX_ROOT, INDEX_ALL } index_mode_t;


// Task handle for httpd->LVM thread task posting
static task_handle_t dynamic_task;

// Single-slot queue for passing requests from LVM->httpd thread.
static QueueHandle_t queue;

// Semaphore for releasing the LVM thread once the thread_request has been
// processed by the httpd thread.
static SemaphoreHandle_t done;

// Server instance
static httpd_handle_t server = NULL;

// Path prefix for static files; allocated in LVM thread, used in httpd thread.
// Needed since currently no way to free user_ctx on unregister_uri_handler()
static char *webroot;

// Auto-index mode, configured at server start.
static index_mode_t index_mode;

// Tables for keeping our registered handlers and content type strings
// safe from garbage collection until we want them cleaned up.
static int content_types_table_ref = LUA_NOREF;
static int dynamic_handlers_table_ref = LUA_NOREF;

// Simple guard against deadlocking by calling gethdr()/getbody() outside
// the dynamic handler flow.
static uint32_t guard = 0;

// Known static file suffixes and their content type. Automatically registered
// on server start.
static const char *default_suffixes[] =
{
  "*.html\0text/html",
  "*.css\0text/css",
  "*.js\0text/javascript",
  "*.txt\0text/plain",
  "*.json\0application/json",
  "*.gif\0image/gif",
  "*.jpg\0image/jpeg",
  "*.jpeg\0image/jpeg",
  "*.png\0image/png",
  "*.svg\0image/svg+xml",
  "*.ttf\0font/ttf",
};


// Everybody's favourite response status
static const char internal_err[] = "500 Internal Server Error";

static const response_data_t error_resp = {
  .status_str = internal_err,
  .content_type = "text/plain",
  .body_len = sizeof(internal_err) - 1,
  .body_data = internal_err,
};

// ---- Runs in httpd task/thread -------------------------------------

static bool uri_match_file_suffix_first(const char *uri_template, const char *uri_to_match, size_t match_upto)
{
  if (uri_template[0] == '*')
  {
    // uri_template in form of "*.sufx"
    const char *suffix = uri_template + 1; // skip leading '*'
    size_t suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
    const char *uri_suffix = uri_to_match + match_upto - suffix_len;
    return strncmp(suffix, uri_suffix, suffix_len) == 0;
  }
  else if (uri_template[0] == '\0')
  {
    // auto-indexer template
    switch(index_mode)
    {
      case INDEX_NONE: return false;
      case INDEX_ROOT: return (match_upto == 1) && (uri_to_match[0] == '/');
      case INDEX_ALL: return uri_to_match[match_upto - 1] == '/';
      default: return false;
    }
  }
  else
    return httpd_uri_match_wildcard(uri_template, uri_to_match, match_upto);
}


static void serve_file(httpd_req_t *req, const char *fname)
{
  FILE *f = fopen(fname, "r");
  if (f)
  {
    char *buf = malloc(RECV_BODY_CHUNK_SIZE);
    ssize_t n = 0;
    while ((n = fread(buf, 1, RECV_BODY_CHUNK_SIZE, f)) > 0)
    {
      if (httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, buf, n) != ESP_OK)
        break;
    }
    httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, buf, 0);
    free(buf);
  }
  else
    httpd_resp_send_404(req);

  fclose(f);
}


static esp_err_t static_file_handler(httpd_req_t *req)
{
  httpd_resp_set_type(req, (const char *)req->user_ctx);

  char *fname = NULL;
  asprintf(&fname, "%s%s", webroot, req->uri);
  serve_file(req, fname);
  free(fname);

  return ESP_OK;
};


static esp_err_t auto_index_handler(httpd_req_t *req)
{
  char *fname = NULL;
  asprintf(&fname, "%s%.*s/index.html", webroot, strlen(req->uri) -1, req->uri);
  serve_file(req, fname);
  free(fname);
  return ESP_OK;
}

static esp_err_t dynamic_handler_httpd(httpd_req_t *req)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_WS
  size_t query_len = req->method != HTTP_WEBSOCKET ? httpd_req_get_url_query_len(req) : 0;
#else
  size_t query_len = httpd_req_get_url_query_len(req);
#endif

  char *query = query_len ? malloc(query_len + 1) : NULL;
  if (query_len)
    httpd_req_get_url_query_str(req, query, query_len + 1);

  request_data_t req_data = {
    .key = (const char *)req->user_ctx,
    .uri = req->uri,
    .query_str = query,
    .method = req->method,
    .body_len = req->content_len,
    .req = req,
  };

#ifdef CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_WS
  memset(&req_data.ws_pkt, 0, sizeof(httpd_ws_frame_t));
  if (req->method == HTTP_WEBSOCKET) {
    printf("Handling callback for websocket\n");
    req_data.ws_pkt.type = HTTPD_WS_TYPE_TEXT;
    /* Set max_len = 0 to get the frame len */
    esp_err_t ret = httpd_ws_recv_frame(req, &req_data.ws_pkt, 0);
    if (ret != ESP_OK) {
        return ret;
    }

    printf("About to allocate %d bytes for buffer\n", req_data.ws_pkt.len);
    char *buf = malloc(req_data.ws_pkt.len);
    if (!buf) {
      return ESP_ERR_NO_MEM;
    }
    req_data.ws_pkt.payload = (void *) buf;
    ret = httpd_ws_recv_frame(req, &req_data.ws_pkt, req_data.ws_pkt.len);
    if (ret != ESP_OK) {
      free(buf);
      return ret;
    }
  }
  #endif

  // Pass the req info over to the LVM thread
  task_post_medium(dynamic_task, (task_param_t)&req_data);

  size_t remaining_len = req->content_len;
  bool errored = false;
  thread_request_t tr;
  do {
    // Block the httpd thread until we receive the response data, or requests
    // for headers/body data, which can only be serviced from this thread.
    xQueueReceive(queue, &tr, portMAX_DELAY);
    if (tr.request_type == GET_HEADER)
    {
      size_t len = httpd_req_get_hdr_value_len(req, tr.header.name);
      if (len)
      {
        *tr.header.value = malloc(len + 1);
        httpd_req_get_hdr_value_str(
          req, tr.header.name, *tr.header.value, len + 1);
      }
      else
        *tr.header.value = NULL; // no such header
    }
    else if (tr.request_type == READ_BODY_CHUNK)
    {
      *tr.body_chunk = malloc(sizeof(body_chunk_t));
      size_t to_read = (remaining_len >= RECV_BODY_CHUNK_SIZE) ?
        RECV_BODY_CHUNK_SIZE : remaining_len;
      remaining_len -= to_read;
      int ret = httpd_req_recv(req, (*tr.body_chunk)->data, to_read);
      if (ret != to_read)
      {
        errored = true;
        free(*tr.body_chunk);
        *tr.body_chunk = NULL;
      }
      else
        (*tr.body_chunk)->used = to_read;
    }
    else if (tr.request_type == SEND_RESPONSE ||
             tr.request_type == SEND_PARTIAL_RESPONSE)
    {
      if (errored)
        httpd_resp_send_408(req);
      else
      {
        bool is_partial = (tr.request_type == SEND_PARTIAL_RESPONSE);
        const response_data_t *resp = tr.response;
        if (!is_partial || resp->status_str)
          httpd_resp_set_status(req, resp->status_str);
        if (!is_partial || resp->content_type)
          httpd_resp_set_type(req, resp->content_type);
        for (unsigned i = 0; resp->headers[i].key; ++i)
          httpd_resp_set_hdr(req, resp->headers[i].key, resp->headers[i].value);
        if (!is_partial)
          httpd_resp_send(req, resp->body_data, resp->body_len);
        else
        {
          httpd_resp_send_chunk(req, resp->body_data, resp->body_len);
          if (resp->body_data == NULL) // Was this the last chunk?
            tr.request_type = SEND_RESPONSE; // If so, flag our exit condition
        }
      }
    }

#ifdef CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_WS
    if (req_data.ws_pkt.payload) {
      free(req_data.ws_pkt.payload);
      req_data.ws_pkt.payload = 0;
    }
#endif

    // Request processed, release LVM thread
    xSemaphoreGive(done);
  } while(tr.request_type != SEND_RESPONSE && tr.request_type != SEND_ERROR && tr.request_type != SEND_OK); // done

  if (tr.request_type == SEND_ERROR) {
    return ESP_FAIL;
  }

  return ESP_OK;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_WS
static esp_err_t websocket_handler_httpd(httpd_req_t *req)
{
  if (req->method == HTTP_GET) {
    req->method = HTTP_WEBSOCKET_GET;
  } else {
    req->method = HTTP_WEBSOCKET;
  }
  return dynamic_handler_httpd(req);
}

static void free_sess_ctx(void *ctx) {
  int ref = (int) ctx;

  request_data_t req_data = {
    .method = FREE_WS_OBJECT,
    .reference = ref,
  };
  task_post_medium(dynamic_task, (task_param_t)&req_data);
  thread_request_t tr;
  xQueueReceive(queue, &tr, portMAX_DELAY);   // Receive the reply
  xSemaphoreGive(done);
}

#endif


// ---- helper functions ----------------------------------------------


static int check_valid_httpd_method(lua_State *L, int idx)
{
  int method = luaL_checkinteger(L, idx);
  switch (method)
  {
    case HTTP_GET:
    case HTTP_HEAD:
    case HTTP_PUT:
    case HTTP_POST:
    case HTTP_DELETE: break;
    default: return luaL_error(L, "unknown method %d", method);
  }
  return method;
}


static void check_valid_guard_value(lua_State *L)
{
  int check = lua_tointeger(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
  if (check != guard)
    luaL_error(L, "gethdr()/getbody() called outside synchronous flow");
}


static int lsync_get_hdr(lua_State *L)
{
  check_valid_guard_value(L);

  const char *header_name = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
  char *header_val = NULL;
  thread_request_t tr = {
    .request_type = GET_HEADER,
    .header = {
      .name = header_name,
      .value = &header_val,
    }
  };
  xQueueSend(queue, &tr, portMAX_DELAY);
  xSemaphoreTake(done, portMAX_DELAY);
  if (header_val)
    lua_pushstring(L, header_val);
  else
    lua_pushnil(L);
  free(header_val);
  return 1;
}


static int lsync_get_body_chunk(lua_State *L)
{
  check_valid_guard_value(L);

  body_chunk_t *chunk = NULL;
  thread_request_t tr = {
    .request_type = READ_BODY_CHUNK,
    .body_chunk = &chunk,
  };
  xQueueSend(queue, &tr, portMAX_DELAY);
  xSemaphoreTake(done, portMAX_DELAY);
  if (chunk)
  {
    if (chunk->used)
      lua_pushlstring(L, chunk->data, chunk->used);
    else
      lua_pushnil(L); // end of body reached
  }
  else
    return luaL_error(L, "read body failed");
  return 1;
}


static int lhttpd_req_index(lua_State *L)
{
  req_udata_t *ud = (req_udata_t *)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, REQUEST_METATABLE);
  const char *key = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
#define KEY_IS(x) (strcmp(key, x) == 0)
  if (KEY_IS("uri"))
    lua_pushstring(L, ud->req_info->uri);
  else if (KEY_IS("method"))
    lua_pushinteger(L, ud->req_info->method);
  else if (KEY_IS("query") && ud->req_info->query_str)
    lua_pushstring(L, ud->req_info->query_str);
  else if (KEY_IS("headers"))
  {
    lua_newtable(L);
    lua_newtable(L); // metatable
    lua_pushinteger(L, ud->guard); // +1
    lua_pushcclosure(L, lsync_get_hdr, 1); // -1 +1
    lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); // -1
    lua_setmetatable(L, -2); // -1
  }
  else if (KEY_IS("getbody"))
  {
    lua_pushinteger(L, guard); // +1
    lua_pushcclosure(L, lsync_get_body_chunk, 1); // -1 +1
  }
  else
    lua_pushnil(L);

  return 1;
#undef KEY_IS
}

static void dynamic_handler_lvm(task_param_t param, task_prio_t prio)
{
  UNUSED(prio);

  const request_data_t *req_info = (const request_data_t *)param;

  lua_State *L = lua_getstate();
  int saved_top = lua_gettop(L);

  lua_checkstack(L, MAX_RESPONSE_HEADERS*2 + 9);

  response_data_t resp = error_resp;
  thread_request_t tr = {
    .request_type = SEND_RESPONSE,
    .response = &resp,
  };

#ifdef CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_WS
  if (req_info->method == FREE_WS_OBJECT) {
    printf("Freeing WS Object %d\n", req_info->reference);
    lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, req_info->reference);
    ws_connection_t *ws = (ws_connection_t *) luaL_checkudata(L, -1, WS_METATABLE);

    if (!ws->closed) {
      printf("FIrst close\n");
      ws->closed = true;
      if (ws->close_fn_ref > 0) {
        printf("Calling close handler\n");
        lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ws->close_fn_ref);
        luaL_pcallx(L, 0, 0);
      }
    }

    luaL_unref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ws->self_ref);
    ws->self_ref = LUA_NOREF;
    tr.request_type = SEND_OK;
  } else if (req_info->method == HTTP_WEBSOCKET) {
    printf("Handling websocket callbacks\n");
    // Just handle the callbacks here
    if (req_info->req->sess_ctx) {
      // Websocket event arrived
      printf("Sess_ctx = %d\n", (int) req_info->req->sess_ctx);
      lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (int) req_info->req->sess_ctx);
      ws_connection_t *ws = (ws_connection_t *) luaL_checkudata(L, -1, WS_METATABLE);
      int fn = 0;
    
      if (req_info->ws_pkt.type == HTTPD_WS_TYPE_TEXT) {
        fn = ws->text_fn_ref;
      } else if (req_info->ws_pkt.type == HTTPD_WS_TYPE_BINARY) {
        fn = ws->binary_fn_ref;
      }
  
      if (fn) {
        lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, fn);

        lua_pushlstring(L, (const char *) req_info->ws_pkt.payload, (size_t) req_info->ws_pkt.len);

        luaL_pcallx(L, 1, 0);
      }
    }  
    tr.request_type = SEND_OK;
  } else  
#endif
  {
    lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, dynamic_handlers_table_ref); // +1
    lua_getfield(L, -1, req_info->key); // +1
    if (lua_isfunction(L, -1))
    {
      // push req
      req_udata_t *ud =
        (req_udata_t *)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(req_udata_t)); // +1
      ud->req_info = req_info;
      ud->guard = guard;
      luaL_getmetatable(L, REQUEST_METATABLE); // +1
      lua_setmetatable(L, -2); // -1

#ifdef CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_WS
      if (strncmp(req_info->key, "[WS]", 4) == 0) {
        if (req_info->method == HTTP_WEBSOCKET_GET) {
          // web socket
          ws_connection_t *ws = (ws_connection_t *) lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(*ws));
          memset(ws, 0, sizeof(*ws));
          luaL_getmetatable(L, WS_METATABLE);
          lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
          lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
          ws->self_ref = luaL_ref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
          ws->handle = req_info->req->handle;
          ws->fd = httpd_req_to_sockfd(req_info->req);

          // Set the session context so we know what is going on.
          req_info->req->sess_ctx = (void *) ws->self_ref;
          req_info->req->free_ctx = free_sess_ctx;

          int err = luaL_pcallx(L, 2, 0);
          if (err) {
            tr.request_type = SEND_ERROR;
            luaL_unref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ws->self_ref);
            ws->self_ref = LUA_NOREF;
          } else {
            tr.request_type = SEND_OK;
          }
        } 
      } else 
#endif
      {
        int err = luaL_pcallx(L, 1, 1); // -1 +1
        if (!err && lua_istable(L, -1))
        {
          // pull out response data
          int t = lua_gettop(L); // response table index
          lua_getfield(L, t, "status"); // +1
          resp.status_str = luaL_optstring(L, -1, "200 OK");
          lua_getfield(L, t, "type"); // +1
          resp.content_type = luaL_optstring(L, -1, NULL);
          lua_getfield(L, t, "body"); // +1
          resp.body_data = luaL_optlstring(L, -1, NULL, &resp.body_len);
          if (!resp.body_data)
            resp.body_len = 0;
          lua_getfield(L, t, "headers"); // +1
          if (lua_istable(L, -1))
          {
            lua_pushnil(L); // +1
            for (unsigned i = 0; lua_next(L, -2); ++i) // +1
            {
              if (i >= MAX_RESPONSE_HEADERS)
              {
                printf("Warning - too many response headers, ignoring some!\n");
                break;
              }
              resp.headers[i].key = lua_tostring(L, -2);
              resp.headers[i].value = lua_tostring(L, -1);
              lua_pop(L, 1); // drop value, keep key for lua_next()
            }
          }
          lua_getfield(L, t, "getbody"); // +1
          if (lua_isfunction(L, -1))
          {
            // Okay, we're doing a chunked body send, so we have to repeatedly
            // call the provided getbody() function until it returns nil
            bool headers_cleared = false;
            tr.request_type = SEND_PARTIAL_RESPONSE;
          next_chunk:
            resp.body_data = NULL;
            resp.body_len = 0;
            err = luaL_pcallx(L, 0, 1); // -1 +1
            resp.body_data =
              err ? NULL : luaL_optlstring(L, -1, NULL, &resp.body_len);
            if (resp.body_data)
            {
              // Toss this bit of response data over to the httpd thread
              xQueueSend(queue, &tr, portMAX_DELAY);
              // ...and wait until it's done sending it
              xSemaphoreTake(done, portMAX_DELAY);

              lua_pop(L, 1); // -1

              if (!headers_cleared)
              {
                // Clear the header data; it's only used for the first chunk
                resp.status_str = NULL;
                resp.content_type = NULL;
                for (unsigned i = 0; i < MAX_RESPONSE_HEADERS; ++i)
                  resp.headers[i].key = resp.headers[i].value = NULL;

                headers_cleared = true;
              }
              lua_getfield(L, t, "getbody"); // +1
              goto next_chunk;
            }
            // else, getbody() returned nil, so let the normal exit path
            // toss the final SEND_PARTIAL_RESPONSE request over to the httpd
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // Toss the response data over to the httpd thread for sending
  xQueueSend(queue, &tr, portMAX_DELAY);

  // Block until the httpd thread has finished accessing our Lua strings
  xSemaphoreTake(done, portMAX_DELAY);

  // Clean up the stack
  lua_settop(L, saved_top);

  // Make any further gethdr()/getbody() calls fail rather than deadlock
  ++guard;
}


// ---- Lua interface -------------------------------------------------


// add static route: httpd.static(uri, content_type)
static int lhttpd_static(lua_State *L)
{
  if (!server)
    return luaL_error(L, "Server not started");

  const char *match = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
  const char *content_type = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);

  if (!match[0])
    return luaL_error(L, "Null route not supported");

  // Store this in our content-type table, so the content-type string lives
  // on, but so that we can also free it after server shutdown.
  lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, content_types_table_ref);
  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
  lua_pushvalue(L, 2);
  lua_settable(L, -3);

  httpd_uri_t static_handler = {
    .uri = match,
    .method = HTTP_GET,
    .handler = static_file_handler,
    .user_ctx = (void *)content_type,
  };
  if (httpd_register_uri_handler(server, &static_handler) == 1)
    lua_pushinteger(L, 1);
  else
    lua_pushnil(L);

  return 1;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_WS
// add websocket route: httpd.websocket(uri, handler)
static int lhttpd_websocket(lua_State *L)
{
  if (!server)
    return luaL_error(L, "Server not started");

  const char *match = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
  luaL_checkfunction(L, 2);
  lua_settop(L, 2);

  if (!match[0])
    return luaL_error(L, "Null route not supported");

  // Create a key for this entry
  const char *key = lua_pushfstring(L, "[WS]%s", match);

  // Store this in our dynamic handlers table, so the ref lives on
  // on, but so that we can also free it after server shutdown.
  lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, dynamic_handlers_table_ref);
  lua_pushvalue(L, -2); // key
  lua_pushvalue(L, 2); // handler
  lua_settable(L, -3);

  httpd_uri_t websocket_handler = {
    .uri = match,
    .method = HTTP_GET,
    .handler = websocket_handler_httpd,
    .user_ctx = (void *)key,
    .is_websocket = true,
    .handle_ws_control_frames = false,
  };
  if (httpd_register_uri_handler(server, &websocket_handler) == 1)
    lua_pushinteger(L, 1);
  else
    lua_pushnil(L);

  return 1;
}
#endif

// add dynamic route: httpd.dynamic(method, uri, handler)
static int lhttpd_dynamic(lua_State *L)
{
  if (!server)
    return luaL_error(L, "Server not started");

  int method = check_valid_httpd_method(L, 1);
  const char *match = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
  luaL_checkfunction(L, 3);
  lua_settop(L, 3);

  if (!match[0])
    return luaL_error(L, "Null route not supported");

  // Create a key for this entry
  const char *key = lua_pushfstring(L, "[%d]%s", method, match);

  // Store this in our dynamic handlers table, so the ref lives on
  // on, but so that we can also free it after server shutdown.
  lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, dynamic_handlers_table_ref);
  lua_pushvalue(L, -2); // key
  lua_pushvalue(L, 3); // handler
  lua_settable(L, -3);

  httpd_uri_t static_handler = {
    .uri = match,
    .method = method,
    .handler = dynamic_handler_httpd,
    .user_ctx = (void *)key,
  };
  if (httpd_register_uri_handler(server, &static_handler) == 1)
    lua_pushinteger(L, 1);
  else
    lua_pushnil(L);

  return 1;
}


// unregister route; httpd.unregister(method, uri)
static int lhttpd_unregister(lua_State *L)
{
  if (!server)
    return luaL_error(L, "Server not started");

  int method = check_valid_httpd_method(L, 1);
  const char *match = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);

  if (httpd_unregister_uri_handler(server, match, method) == ESP_OK)
    lua_pushinteger(L, 1);
  else
    lua_pushnil(L);

  return 1;
}


static int lhttpd_start(lua_State *L)
{
  if (server)
    return luaL_error(L, "Server already started");

  luaL_checktable(L, 1);
  lua_settop(L, 1);

  lua_getfield(L, 1, "webroot");
  const char *root = luaL_checkstring(L, -1);
  webroot = strdup(root);
  lua_pop(L, 1);

  lua_getfield(L, 1, "max_handlers");
  int max_handlers = luaL_optinteger(L, -1, 20);

  lua_getfield(L, 1, "auto_index");
  index_mode = (index_mode_t)luaL_optinteger(L, -1, INDEX_ROOT);

  httpd_config_t config = HTTPD_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
  config.uri_match_fn = uri_match_file_suffix_first;
  config.max_uri_handlers = max_handlers;
  config.max_resp_headers = MAX_RESPONSE_HEADERS;

  esp_err_t err = httpd_start(&server, &config);
  if (err != ESP_OK)
    return luaL_error(L, "Failed to start http server; code %d", err);

  // Set up our content type stash
  lua_newtable(L);
  content_types_table_ref = luaL_ref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);

  // Set up our dynamic handlers table
  lua_newtable(L);
  dynamic_handlers_table_ref = luaL_ref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);

  // Register default static suffixes
  size_t num_suffixes = sizeof(default_suffixes)/sizeof(default_suffixes[0]);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_suffixes; ++i)
  {
    const char *sufx = default_suffixes[i];
    const char *content_type = strchr(sufx, '\0') + 1;
    lua_pushcfunction(L, lhttpd_static);
    lua_pushstring(L, sufx);
    lua_pushstring(L, content_type);
    lua_call(L, 2, 0);
  }

  // Auto-indexer
  httpd_uri_t index_handler = {
    .uri = "",
    .method = HTTP_GET,
    .handler = auto_index_handler,
  };
  httpd_register_uri_handler(server, &index_handler);

  return 0;
}


static int lhttpd_stop(lua_State *L)
{
  if (server)
  {
    httpd_stop(server); // deletes all handlers
    server = NULL;
    free(webroot);
    luaL_unref2(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, content_types_table_ref);
    luaL_unref2(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, dynamic_handlers_table_ref);
  }
  return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_WS
// Websocket functions

typedef struct {
  httpd_handle_t hd;
  int fd;
  int type;
  size_t len;
  char *data;
} async_send_t;

/*
 * async send function, which we put into the httpd work queue
 */
static void ws_async_send(void *arg)
{
    async_send_t *async_send = arg;
    httpd_handle_t hd = async_send->hd;
    int fd = async_send->fd;
    httpd_ws_frame_t ws_pkt;
    memset(&ws_pkt, 0, sizeof(httpd_ws_frame_t));
    ws_pkt.payload = (uint8_t*)async_send->data;
    ws_pkt.len = async_send->len;
    ws_pkt.type = async_send->type;

    httpd_ws_send_frame_async(hd, fd, &ws_pkt);
    free(async_send);
}

static esp_err_t trigger_async_send(ws_connection_t *ws, int type, const char *data, size_t len) {
    async_send_t *async_send = malloc(sizeof(async_send_t) + len);
    async_send->hd = ws->handle;
    async_send->fd = ws->fd;
    async_send->type = type;
    async_send->len = len;
    async_send->data = (char *) (async_send + 1);
    memcpy(async_send->data, data, len);
    return httpd_queue_work(ws->handle, ws_async_send, async_send);
}

static void ws_async_close(void *arg) {
  async_send_t *async_close = arg;

  httpd_sess_trigger_close(async_close->hd, async_close->fd);
  free(async_close);
}

static int ws_close(lua_State *L) {
  ws_connection_t *ws = (ws_connection_t*)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, WS_METATABLE);

  if (!ws->closed) {
    ws->closed = true;
    async_send_t *async_close = malloc(sizeof(async_send_t));
    async_close->hd = ws->handle;
    async_close->fd = ws->fd;
    httpd_queue_work(ws->handle, ws_async_close, async_close);
  }
  return 0;
}

// event types: text, binary, close 
static int ws_on(lua_State *L) {
  ws_connection_t *ws = (ws_connection_t*)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, WS_METATABLE);
  const char *event = lua_tostring(L, 2);

  int *slot = NULL;
  if (strcmp(event, "text") == 0) {
    slot = &ws->text_fn_ref;
  } else if (strcmp(event, "binary") == 0) {
    slot = &ws->binary_fn_ref;
  } else if (strcmp(event, "close") == 0) {
    slot = &ws->close_fn_ref;
  } else {
    return luaL_error(L, "Incorrect event argument");
  }

  if (*slot) {
    luaL_unref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, *slot);
    *slot = 0;
  }

  if (!lua_isnil(L, 3)) {
    luaL_checkfunction(L, 3);
    lua_pushvalue(L, 3);
    *slot = luaL_ref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
  }

  return 0;
}

static int ws_textbinary(lua_State *L, int type) {
  ws_connection_t *ws = (ws_connection_t*)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, WS_METATABLE);

  size_t len;
  const char *data = lua_tolstring(L, 2, &len);

  esp_err_t rc = trigger_async_send(ws, type, data, len);
  if (rc) {
    return luaL_error(L, "Failed to send to websocket");
  }

  return 0;
}

static int ws_text(lua_State *L) {
  return ws_textbinary(L, HTTPD_WS_TYPE_TEXT);
}

static int ws_binary(lua_State *L) {
  return ws_textbinary(L, HTTPD_WS_TYPE_BINARY);
}

LROT_BEGIN(httpd_ws_mt, NULL, LROT_MASK_GC_INDEX)
  LROT_TABENTRY( __index, httpd_ws_mt )
  LROT_FUNCENTRY( __gc,        ws_close )
  LROT_FUNCENTRY( close,       ws_close )
  LROT_FUNCENTRY( on,          ws_on )
  LROT_FUNCENTRY( text,        ws_text )
  LROT_FUNCENTRY( binary,      ws_binary )
LROT_END(httpd_ws_mt, NULL, LROT_MASK_GC_INDEX)
#endif

LROT_BEGIN(httpd_req_mt, NULL, LROT_MASK_INDEX)
  LROT_FUNCENTRY( __index, lhttpd_req_index )
LROT_END(httpd_req_mt, NULL, LROT_MASK_INDEX)

LROT_BEGIN(httpd, NULL, 0)
  LROT_FUNCENTRY( start,      lhttpd_start )
  LROT_FUNCENTRY( stop,       lhttpd_stop )
  LROT_FUNCENTRY( static,     lhttpd_static )
  LROT_FUNCENTRY( dynamic,    lhttpd_dynamic )
#ifdef CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_WS
  LROT_FUNCENTRY( websocket,  lhttpd_websocket )
#endif
  LROT_FUNCENTRY( unregister, lhttpd_unregister )

  LROT_NUMENTRY( GET,         HTTP_GET )
  LROT_NUMENTRY( HEAD,        HTTP_HEAD )
  LROT_NUMENTRY( PUT,         HTTP_PUT )
  LROT_NUMENTRY( POST,        HTTP_POST )
  LROT_NUMENTRY( DELETE,      HTTP_DELETE )

  LROT_NUMENTRY( INDEX_NONE,  INDEX_NONE )
  LROT_NUMENTRY( INDEX_ROOT,  INDEX_ROOT )
  LROT_NUMENTRY( INDEX_ALL,   INDEX_ALL  )
LROT_END(httpd, NULL, 0)


static int lhttpd_init(lua_State *L)
{
  dynamic_task = task_get_id(dynamic_handler_lvm);
  queue = xQueueCreate(1, sizeof(thread_request_t));
  done = xSemaphoreCreateBinary();

  luaL_rometatable(L, REQUEST_METATABLE, LROT_TABLEREF(httpd_req_mt));

#ifdef CONFIG_NODEMCU_CMODULE_HTTPD_WS
  luaL_rometatable(L, WS_METATABLE, LROT_TABLEREF(httpd_ws_mt));
#endif

  return 0;
}

NODEMCU_MODULE(HTTPD, "httpd", httpd, lhttpd_init);