# GPIO Module
| Since  | Origin / Contributor  | Maintainer  | Source  |
| :----- | :-------------------- | :---------- | :------ |
| 2014-12-22 | [Zeroday](https://github.com/funshine) | [Zeroday](https://github.com/funshine) | [gpio.c](../../../app/modules/gpio.c)|


This module provides access to the [GPIO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General-purpose_input/output) (General Purpose Input/Output) subsystem.

All access is based on the I/O index number on the NodeMCU dev kits, not the internal GPIO pin. For example, the D0 pin on the dev kit is mapped to the internal GPIO pin 16.

If not using a NodeMCU dev kit, please refer to the below GPIO pin maps for the index↔gpio mapping.

| IO index | ESP8266 pin | IO index | ESP8266 pin |
|---------:|:------------|---------:|:------------|
|    0 [*] | GPIO16      |        7 | GPIO13      |
|        1 | GPIO5       |        8 | GPIO15      |
|        2 | GPIO4       |        9 | GPIO3       |
|        3 | GPIO0       |       10 | GPIO1       |
|        4 | GPIO2       |       11 | GPIO9       |
|        5 | GPIO14      |       12 | GPIO10      |
|        6 | GPIO12      |          |             |

** [*] D0(GPIO16) can only be used as gpio read/write. No support for open-drain/interrupt/pwm/i2c/ow. **


## gpio.mode()

Initialize pin to GPIO mode, set the pin in/out direction, and optional internal weak pull-up.

#### Syntax
`gpio.mode(pin, mode [, pullup])`

#### Parameters
- `pin` pin to configure, IO index
- `mode` one of gpio.OUTPUT, gpio.OPENDRAIN, gpio.INPUT, or gpio.INT (interrupt mode)
- `pullup` gpio.PULLUP enables the weak pull-up resistor; default is gpio.FLOAT

#### Returns
`nil`

#### Example
```lua
gpio.mode(0, gpio.OUTPUT)
```
#### See also
- [`gpio.read()`](#gpioread)
- [`gpio.write()`](#gpiowrite)

## gpio.read()

Read digital GPIO pin value.

#### Syntax
`gpio.read(pin)`

#### Parameters
`pin` pin to read, IO index

#### Returns
a number, 0 = low, 1 = high

#### Example
```lua
-- read value of gpio 0.
gpio.read(0)
```
#### See also
[`gpio.mode()`](#gpiomode)

## gpio.serout()

Serialize output based on a sequence of delay-times. After each delay, the pin is toggled.

#### Syntax
`gpio.serout(pin, start_level, delay_times [, repeat_num])`

#### Parameters
- `pin`  pin to use, IO index
- `start_level` level to start on, either `gpio.HIGH` or `gpio.LOW`
- `delay_times` an array of delay times between each toggle of the gpio pin.
- `repeat_num` an optional number of times to run through the sequence.

Note that this function blocks, and as such any use of it must adhere to the SDK guidelines of time spent blocking the stack (10-100ms). Failure to do so may lead to WiFi issues or outright crashes/reboots.

#### Returns
`nil`

#### Example
```lua
gpio.mode(1,gpio.OUTPUT,gpio.PULLUP)
gpio.serout(1,1,{30,30,60,60,30,30})  -- serial one byte, b10110010
gpio.serout(1,1,{30,70},8)  -- serial 30% pwm 10k, lasts 8 cycles
gpio.serout(1,1,{3,7},8)  -- serial 30% pwm 100k, lasts 8 cycles
gpio.serout(1,1,{0,0},8)  -- serial 50% pwm as fast as possible, lasts 8 cycles
gpio.serout(1,0,{20,10,10,20,10,10,10,100}) -- sim uart one byte 0x5A at about 100kbps
gpio.serout(1,1,{8,18},8) -- serial 30% pwm 38k, lasts 8 cycles
```

## gpio.trig()

Establish or clear a callback function to run on interrupt for a pin.

This function is not available if GPIO_INTERRUPT_ENABLE was undefined at compile time.

#### Syntax
`gpio.trig(pin, [type [, callback_function]])`

#### Parameters
- `pin` **1-12**, pin to trigger on, IO index. Note that pin 0 does not support interrupts.
- `type` "up", "down", "both", "low", "high", which represent *rising edge*, *falling edge*, *both 
edges*, *low level*, and *high level* trigger modes respectivey. If the type is "none" or omitted 
then the callback function is removed and the interrupt is disabled.
- `callback_function(level)` callback function when trigger occurs. The level of the specified pin 
at the interrupt passed as the parameter to the callback. The previous callback function will be 
used if the function is omitted.

#### Returns
`nil`

#### Example

```lua
do
  -- use pin 1 as the input pulse width counter
  local pin, pulse1, du, now, trig = 1, 0, 0, tmr.now, gpio.trig
  gpio.mode(pin,gpio.INT)
  local function pin1cb(level)
    local pulse2 = now()
    print( level, pulse2 - pulse1 )
    pulse1 = pulse2
    trig(pin, level == gpio.HIGH  and "down" or "up")
  end
  trig(pin, "down", pin1cb)
end
```

#### See also
[`gpio.mode()`](#gpiomode)

## gpio.write()

Set digital GPIO pin value.

#### Syntax
`gpio.write(pin, level)`

#### Parameters
- `pin` pin to write, IO index
- `level` `gpio.HIGH` or `gpio.LOW`

#### Returns
`nil`

#### Example
```lua
-- set pin index 1 to GPIO mode, and set the pin to high.
pin=1
gpio.mode(pin, gpio.OUTPUT)
gpio.write(pin, gpio.HIGH)
```
#### See also
- [`gpio.mode()`](#gpiomode)
- [`gpio.read()`](#gpioread)